使用Python编写一个简单的tic-tac-toe游戏的教程


             这个教程，我们将展示如何用python创建一个井字游戏。 其中我们将使用函数、数组、if条件语句、while循环语句和错误捕获等。

首先我们需要创建两个函数，第一个函数用来显示游戏板:

 







def print_board():

  for i in range(0,3):

    for j in range(0,3):

      print map[2-i][j],

      if j != 2:

        print "|",

    print ""





这我们使用两个for循环来遍历map，该map是一个包含了位置信息的二维数组。

游戏板看起来是这样的:

 







|  | 

|  | 

|  |

 

X | X | 

O | X | O

 | O | X

 

X | X | X

X | X | X

X | X | X





 

下面我们需要一个函数check_done()来检查游戏是否结束。如果结束，则返回True并打印消息。

 







def check_done():

  for i in range(0,3):

    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \

    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":

      print turn, "won!!!"

      return True

     

  if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \

  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":

    print turn, "won!!!"

    return True

 

  if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:

    print "Draw"

    return True

     

  return False





有几个地方需要检查，首先检查水平和垂直方向，是否有一行或一列不为空且包含有三个相同的符号，然后我们再检查斜方向。如果上面有一个方向满足，游戏结束并打印“Won!!!”。请注意检查变量改变，它用来标记当前是哪一位玩家。

同时我们需要检查当前游戏板是否被填满且没有人获胜，游戏平局。

有了上面的两个函数，下面我们创建3个变量:

 







turn = "X"

map = [[" "," "," "],

    [" "," "," "],

    [" "," "," "]]

done = False





    turn : 轮到谁

    map : 游戏板

    done : 游戏是否结束

现在启动游戏:

 







while done != True:

  print_board()

   

  print turn, "'s turn"

  print

 

  moved = False

  while moved != True:





这里使用了while循环直到游戏结束并返回true.在这个循环里面，使用了另外一个while循环来检查玩家是否移动，如果玩家没有移动，则程序会跳到下一次循环。

下一步告诉玩家怎么玩:

 







print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."

    print "7|8|9"

    print "4|5|6"

    print "1|2|3"

    print

 

try:

      pos = input("Select: ")

      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:





我们期望玩家输入一个数字，检查该数字是否是在1到9之间。另外，我们这里需要一段错误处理逻辑，我们还需要需要检查玩家是否能移动到一个位置:

 







Y = pos/3

        X = pos%3

        if X != 0:

          X -=1

        else:

           X = 2

           Y -=1





以下是全部的代码:

 







def print_board():

  for i in range(0,3):

    for j in range(0,3):

      print map[2-i][j],

      if j != 2:

        print "|",

    print ""

 

 

def check_done():

  for i in range(0,3):

    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \

    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":

      print turn, "won!!!"

      return True

     

  if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \

  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":

    print turn, "won!!!"

    return True

 

  if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:

    print "Draw"

    return True

     

 

  return False

 

 

 

 

 

turn = "X"

map = [[" "," "," "],

    [" "," "," "],

    [" "," "," "]]

done = False

 

 

while done != True:

  print_board()

   

  print turn, "'s turn"

  print

 

  moved = False

  while moved != True:

    print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9,\

    see below for which number that is which position..."

    print "7|8|9"

    print "4|5|6"

    print "1|2|3"

    print

 

    try:

      pos = input("Select: ")

      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:

        Y = pos/3

        X = pos%3

        if X != 0:

          X -=1

        else:

           X = 2

           Y -=1

           

        if map[Y][X] == " ":

          map[Y][X] = turn

          moved = True

          done = check_done()

 

          if done == False:

            if turn == "X":

              turn = "O"

            else:

              turn = "X"

         

       

    except:

      print "You need to add a numeric value"