对python抓取需要登录网站数据的方法详解


            scrapy.FormRequest

login.py





class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):

 name = 'login_spider'

 start_urls = ['http://www.login.com']

 def parse(self, response):

  return [

   scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(

     response,

     # username和password要根据实际页面的表单的name字段进行修改

     formdata={'username': 'your_username', 'password': 'your_password'},

     callback=self.after_login)]

 def after_login(self, response):

  # 登录后的代码

  pass





selenium登录获取cookie

get_cookie_by_selenium.py





import pickle

import time

from selenium import webdriver

def get_cookies():

 url = 'http://www.test.com'

 web_driver = webdriver.Chrome()

 web_driver.get(url)

 username = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-email')

 username.send_keys('username')

 password = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-password')

 password.send_keys('password')

 login_button = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-submit')

 login_button.click()

 time.sleep(3)

 cookies = web_driver.get_cookies()

 web_driver.close()

 return cookies

if __name__ == '__main__':

 cookies = get_cookies()

 pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))





获取浏览器cookie(以Ubuntu的Firefox为例)

get_cookie_by_firefox.py





import sqlite3

import pickle

def get_cookie_by_firefox():

 cookie_path = '/home/name/.mozilla/firefox/bqtvfe08.default/cookies.sqlite'

 with sqlite3.connect(cookie_path) as conn:

  sql = 'select name,value from moz_cookies where baseDomain="test.com"'

  cur = conn.cursor()

  cookies = [{'name': name, 'value': value} for name, value in cur.execute(sql).fetchall()]

  return cookies

if __name__ == '__main__':

 cookies = get_cookie_from_firefox()

 pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))





scrapy使用获取后的cookie





cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))

yield scrapy.Request(url, cookies=cookies, callback=self.parse)





requests使用获取后的cookie





cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))

s = requests.Session()

for cookie in cookies:

 s.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])





selenium使用获取后的cookie





from selenium import webdriver

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))

w = webdriver.Chrome()

# 直接添加cookie会报错，下面是一种解决方案，可能有更好的

# -- start --

w.get('http://www.test.com')

w.delete_all_cookies()

# -- end --

for cookie in cookies:

 w.add_cookie(cookie)





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