python爬虫headers设置后无效的解决方法 此次遇到的是一个函数使用不熟练造成的问题,但有了分析工具后可以很快定位到问题(此处推荐一个非常棒的抓包工具fiddler) 正文如下: 在爬取某个app数据时(app上的数据都是由http请求的),用Fidder分析了请求信息,并把python的request header信息写在程序中进行请求数据 代码如下 import requests url = 'http://xxx?startDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc' headers={ "Host":"xxx.com", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.59 Safari/537.36", "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest", "Referer": "http://app.jg.eastmoney.com/html_Report/index.html", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", "Accept-Language": "en-us,en", "Cookie":"xxx" } r = requests.get(url,headers) print (r.text) 请求成功但是,返回的是 {"Id":"6202c187-2fad-46e8-b4c6-b72ac8de0142","ReturnMsg":"加载失败!"} 就是被发现不是正常请求被拦截了 然后我去Fidder中看刚才python发送请求的记录 #盖掉的两个部分分别是Host和URL。 然后查看请求详细信息的时候,请求头并没有加载进去,User-Agent就写着python-requests ! #请求头里的UA信息是java,python程序,有点反爬虫意识的网站、app都会拦截掉 Header详细信息如下 GET http://xxx?istartDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc   &Host=xxx.com   &Connection=keep-alive   &Accept=application%2Fjson%2C+text%2Fjavascript%2C+%2A%2F%2A%3B+q%3D0.01   &User-Agent=Mozilla%2F5.0+%28Windows+NT+6.1%3B+WOW64%29+AppleWebKit%2F537.36+%28KHTML%2C+like+Gecko%29+Chrome%2F29.0.1547.59+Safari%2F537.36   &X-Requested-With=XMLHttpRequest   &Referer=xxx   &Accept-Encoding=gzip%2Cdeflate   &Accept-Language=en-us%2Cen   &Cookie=xxx HTTP/1.1 Host: xxx.com User-Agent: python-requests/2.18.4 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept: */* Connection: keep-alive HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.2.2 Date: Sat, 21 Oct 2017 06:07:21 GMT Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 75 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: private X-AspNetMvc-Version: 5.2 X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET 一开始还没发现,等我把请求的URL信息全部读完,才发现程序把我的请求头信息当做参数放到了URL里 那就是我请求的时候request函数Header信息参数用错了 又重新看了一下Requests库的Headers参数使用方法,发现有一行代码写错了,在使用request.get()方法时要把参数 “headers =“写出来 更改如下: import requests url = 'http://xxx?startDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc' headers={ "Host":"xxx.com", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.59 Safari/537.36", "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest", "Referer": "http://app.jg.eastmoney.com/html_Report/index.html", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", "Accept-Language": "en-us,en", "Cookie":"xxx" } r = requests.get(url,headers=headers) 然后去查看Fiddler中的请求。 此次python中的请求头已经正常了,请求详细信息如下 GET http://xxx?startDate=2017-10-19&endDate=2017-10-19&pageIndex=1&limit=50&sort=datetime&order=desc HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.59 Safari/537.36 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01 Connection: keep-alive Host: xxx.com X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Referer: http://xxx Accept-Language: en-us,en Cookie: xxx HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.2.2 Date: Sat, 21 Oct 2017 06:42:21 GMT Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 75 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: private X-AspNetMvc-Version: 5.2 X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET 然后又用python程序请求了一次,结果请求成功,返回的还是 {"Id":"6202c187-2fad-46e8-b4c6-b72ac8de0142","ReturnMsg":"加载失败!"} 因为一般cookie都会在短时间内过期,所以更新了cookie,然后请求成功 需要注意的是用程序爬虫一定要把Header设置好,这个app如果反爬的时候封ip的话可能就麻烦了。 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持中文源码网。